Exploring Beliefs About Fertility Awareness-Based Methods Among Women of Color of Reproductive Age

Valerie Cruz Ortiz, MSPH; Helen Chin, PhD; Rochelle Davidson-Mhonde, PhD; Michelle S. Williams, PhD George Mason University, Department of Global and Community Health

Abstract

Background: Unintended pregnancy remains a public health challenge, with rates among women of color remaining disproportionately high. Fertility Awareness-Based Methods (FABMs) offer an effective, non-hormonal method that aligns with the contraception preferences women of color have for user control and lack of side effects.

Objective: This qualitative study explored the barriers and facilitators influencing FABMs uptake among women of color. 

Methods: Guided by a blended PEN-3 and Health Belief Model framework semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 16 non-White females (ages 18-45) in Northern Virginia. Thematic analysis was performed to code and categorize the personal perceptions, practical enablers, and social nurturers that impacting FABMs adoption. 

Results: Participants valued FABMs for promoting reproductive autonomy and body literacy but faced barriers ranging from clinical dismissiveness to the practical demands required for consistent tracking. Long-term sustainability relied heavily on the presence of supportive partners and an inclusive clinical environment.

Conclusion: Advancing reproductive equity requires bridging the gap between individual empowerment and the clinical and social support systems. These findings identifypathways for further research into FABMs and other interventions that can help women of color achieve favorable pregnancy planning outcomes.